{"id":1503,"date":"2025-03-05T13:43:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-05T13:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enfoca.com.mx\/?p=1503"},"modified":"2026-10-07T17:49:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T17:49:56","slug":"nanoftalmos-microftalmos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enfoca.com.mx\/eng\/nanoftalmos-microftalmos\/","title":{"rendered":"Nanophthalmos and Microphthalmia: Cataract Surgery | Samur A-I #2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phacoemulsification in nanophthalmos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Samur-AI #2 Facoemulsificaci\u00f3n en nanoftalmos\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uqB2tkwoi0w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nanophthalmos and Microphthalmia: A Complete Guide to Small Eyes and Their Treatment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">What is <strong>microphthalmia<\/strong>? And <strong>nanophthalmos<\/strong>? These ophthalmic conditions refer to abnormally small eyes, and they pose unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the differences is key to managing these complex <strong>eye diseases<\/strong> effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Microphthalmia vs. Nanophthalmos: Understanding the Difference<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><strong>Microphthalmia<\/strong> is the general term for any eye that is significantly smaller than normal. <strong>Nanophthalmos<\/strong> is a specific form of microphthalmia that involves not only a smaller eye but also additional features such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Microcornea:<\/strong> A cornea (the clear front part of the eye) that is smaller than usual.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>High hyperopia:<\/strong> A significant refractive error in which the eye is too \"short\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">It is important to note that <strong>all nanophthalmos is microphthalmia<\/strong>, but not all microphthalmia is nanophthalmos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Challenges in Cataract Surgery for Nanophthalmic Eyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">One of the biggest challenges in treating nanophthalmos and microphthalmia is <strong>cataract surgery<\/strong>. <strong>Accurate intraocular lens (IOL) calculation<\/strong> is difficult in such small eyes because of their atypical anatomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>IOL formulas:<\/strong> Traditional formulas such as SRK\/T can be less accurate. Studies have shown that the <strong>Haigis formula<\/strong> may give better results in nanophthalmic eyes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treatment Options:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Implant the highest power IOL available and correct residual hyperopia with glasses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Using <strong>\"piggyback\" IOLs<\/strong>: Implanting two lenses, one on top of the other, to reach the required power.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Surgical Risks and Complications in Small Eyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Surgery on nanophthalmic and microphthalmic eyes is delicate and carries a high risk of complications, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Uveal effusion:<\/strong> Fluid buildup between the choroid and the sclera.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Choroidal hemorrhage:<\/strong> Bleeding in the choroid, a vascular layer of the eye.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Angle-closure glaucoma:<\/strong> More common in these eyes; a <strong>laser peripheral iridotomy<\/strong> is often performed before surgery to prevent it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Causes and Genetics of Nanophthalmos and Microphthalmia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">In many cases, the exact cause of nanophthalmos and microphthalmia remains unknown (sporadic cases). However, <strong>genetics plays a key role<\/strong>. For example, <strong>Kennerknecht-AFI syndrome<\/strong>, characterized by short stature, dense bones and nanophthalmos, is a clear example of genetic influence. If both parents carry a genetic mutation, their children may inherit the condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><strong>Family history<\/strong> is a crucial factor in diagnosing and understanding these conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnosis and Evaluation of the Patient with Small Eyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond genetics, specialists perform a comprehensive evaluation that includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Detailed <strong>medical history<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Visual acuity<\/strong> and <strong>intraocular pressure<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Thorough examination of the <strong>eye's structure<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Use of specialized equipment such as the <strong>IOLMaster<\/strong> to obtain precise biometric measurements of the eye.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comprehensive Treatment and Quality of Life<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Treatment for nanophthalmos and microphthalmia is tailored to the severity and the complications:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Vision correction:<\/strong> Glasses or contact lenses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Glaucoma control:<\/strong> Medication to regulate intraocular pressure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Surgery<\/strong> is not always the first option; each case is assessed individually.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Although perfect vision without glasses is not always achieved, cataract surgery with high-power IOLs can greatly reduce dependence on thick glasses and improve patients' <strong>quality of life<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advances and Future of Therapies for Small Eyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ophthalmology is advancing quickly and offering new hope for the management of microphthalmia and nanophthalmos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>More accurate IOL formulas:<\/strong> New formulas are being developed to calculate the IOL in small eyes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Custom IOLs:<\/strong> Different types of IOLs are being studied, including <strong>multifocal IOLs<\/strong> and <strong>custom IOLs<\/strong>, often with the help of <strong>artificial intelligence (AI)<\/strong> to improve accuracy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Gene therapy:<\/strong> It could revolutionize treatment by correcting the underlying genetic causes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specialized Surgical Techniques for Nanophthalmic Eyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Operating on small eyes requires great precision and experience:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Pars plana vitrectomy:<\/strong> Important to lower intraocular pressure and the risk of uveal effusion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Anterior vitrectomy:<\/strong> To deepen the anterior chamber and make IOL implantation easier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Laser peripheral iridotomy:<\/strong> A preventive procedure for angle-closure glaucoma.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Suborbital blocks:<\/strong> To temporarily immobilize the eye during surgery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Hidrosocionoidovitrectom\u00eda:<\/strong> A more complex technique for specific cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IOL Selection and Orbital Expansion in Specific Cases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The choice of IOL in nanophthalmos is crucial:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Precise measurements:<\/strong> Essential, especially axial length and corneal curvature.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>IOL considerations:<\/strong> The power may be undercorrected, especially in children, and multifocal IOLs are being explored.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Implantation techniques:<\/strong> Because the capsular bag is small, techniques such as \"optic capture\" or scleral fixation are used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">In severe microphthalmia, <strong>orbital expansion<\/strong> is essential to stimulate bone growth and improve the fit of ocular prostheses, as well as appearance. A common technique is <strong>expansive bony orbitotomy with an inflatable balloon<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multidisciplinary Approach: The Key to Success<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Comprehensive management of nanophthalmos and microphthalmia requires a <strong>multidisciplinary approach<\/strong>. Ophthalmologists, geneticists, maxillofacial surgeons and other specialists work together to provide the best personalized care for each patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nanophthalmos and microphthalmia are complex conditions, but advances in surgical techniques, IOL calculation and technology are dramatically improving treatment options and patients' quality of life. Ongoing research, especially in genetics and new technologies, offers great hope for further improvements in managing these conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where can you find us?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>YouTube:<\/strong> Subscribe to our channel to watch full episodes and exclusive content: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@SamurEyePodcast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@SamurEyePodcast<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Instagram:<\/strong> Follow us on Instagram to hear about upcoming topics, guests and highlights: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/samureyepodcast\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">@samureyepodcast<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Spotify:<\/strong> Listen to our episodes wherever you go: <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/2zMjQ14w1WdGDxBqrX4vEm?si=UIuMdz2YTueOnRqpiD6X6g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/2zMjQ14w1WdGDxBqrX4vEm?si=UIuMdz2YTueOnRqpiD6X6g<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Join our community and let's delve into the fascinating world of ophthalmology together!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Facoemulsificaci\u00f3n en nanoftalmos Nanoftalmos y Microftalmia: Una Gu\u00eda Completa sobre Ojos Peque\u00f1os y su Tratamiento \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la microftalmia? \u00bfY [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1565,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,10],"tags":[78,80,81,76,79,77,74,73,14,41,20,75,37],"class_list":["post-1503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-podcast","category-samur-a-i","tag-cirugia-de-cataratas","tag-expansion-de-la-orbita","tag-genetica-ocular","tag-glaucoma-de-angulo-cerrado","tag-iolmaster","tag-lio","tag-microftalmos","tag-nanoftalmos","tag-oftalmologia","tag-podcast-medico","tag-salud-ocular","tag-sindrome-de-kenny-caffey","tag-vitrectomia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nanoftalmos y microftalmia | Samur A-I #2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Samur A-I #2: nanoftalmos y microftalmia, sus diferencias, los 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